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Asynchronous Programming

Promises

Cleaner Async Handling
💡 Promise, EK, "TOKEN, RECEIPT" hai — JAB, TUM, EK, ORDER, PLACE, karte, HO, TUMHE, EK, TOKEN, (Promise) MILТА, hai, JO, GUARANTEE, karta hai, ki, EVENTUALLY, YA, TO, TUMHARA, ORDER, (RESOLVED), MILEGA, YA, KUCH, GALAT, HOGA, (REJECTED) — LEKIN, TOKEN, KHUD, ABHI, RESULT, NAHI, hai.

Promise, EK, OBJECT, hai, JO, EK, ASYNCHRONOUS, OPERATION, ke, EVENTUAL, COMPLETION, (YA, FAILURE) ko, REPRESENT, karta hai — THREE, STATES, HOTI, HAIN, pending, fulfilled, aur, rejected.

.then(), SUCCESS, HANDLE, karta hai, .catch(), ERROR, HANDLE, karta hai, aur, .finally(), HAR, HAAL, mein, RUN, hota hai. Promise.all(), MULTIPLE, PROMISES, ko, PARALLEL, mein, RUN, karके, SAB, ke, RESOLVE, hone, ka, WAIT, karta hai.

function fetchUser(id) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    setTimeout(() => {
      if (id > 0) resolve({ id, name: "Aarav" });
      else reject(new Error("Invalid ID"));
    }, 1000);
  });
}

fetchUser(1)
  .then((user) => console.log("User:", user))
  .catch((err) => console.error("Error:", err.message));

Promise.all([fetchUser(1), fetchUser(2)])
  .then((users) => console.log("Both users:", users));
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Promise, EK, "TOKEN, RECEIPT" hai — JAB, TUM, EK, ORDER, PLACE, karte, HO, TUMHE, EK, TOKEN, (Promise) MILТА, hai, JO, GUARANTEE, karta hai, ki, EVENTUALLY, YA, TO, TUMHARA, ORDER, (RESOLVED), MILEGA, YA, KUCH, GALAT, HOGA, (REJECTED) — LEKIN, TOKEN, KHUD, ABHI, RESULT, NAHI, hai.
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⚡ Quick Recap
  • Promise = async operation ke, eventual, completion/failure, ko, represent, karta hai
  • States: pending, fulfilled, rejected
  • Promise.all() = multiple promises, PARALLEL, mein, RUN, karके, SAB, ka, WAIT, karta hai
Is page mein (2 subtopics)

.then() calls, CHAIN, kiye, ja, sakte, hain — HAR, .then(), EK, NAYA, Promise, RETURN, karta hai, JISME, PREVIOUS, .then() ka, RETURN, VALUE, PASS, hota hai — SEQUENTIAL, ASYNC, STEPS, ke, liye, USEFUL, hai.

fetchUser(1)
  .then(user => fetchPosts(user.id))
  .then(posts => console.log("Posts:", posts))
  .catch(err => console.error(err));

Promise.race(), JO, BHI, PROMISE, SABSE, PEHLE, SETTLE, (resolve YA, reject) hota hai, USका, RESULT, RETURN, karta hai — TIMEOUT, IMPLEMENT, karne, ke, liye, USEFUL, hai. Promise.any(), PEHLE, FULFILLED, (SUCCESS) PROMISE, ka, RESULT, RETURN, karta hai.

💡Tip: Promise.race([fetchData(), timeout(5000)]), EK, COMMON, PATTERN, hai — AGAR, fetchData(), 5, SECONDS, se, ZYAADA, LETA, hai, timeout, promise, PEHLE, REJECT, ho, jaayega.