Functions
def keyword se function define karte hain, koi return type declare nahi karna padta (dynamic typing). Python functions multiple values ek saath return kar sakte hain (comma se separate karke) — internally ek tuple return hoti hai.
Default parameter values C++ jaise hi hain — function call karte waqt skip kar sakte ho. Keyword arguments se parameters ko naam se pass kar sakte ho, order matter nahi karta.
def greet(name, greeting="Hello"): # default parameter
return f"{greeting}, {name}!"
print(greet("Aarav")) # "Hello, Aarav!"
print(greet("Riya", "Namaste")) # "Namaste, Riya!"
print(greet(name="Zoya", greeting="Hi")) # keyword arguments — order matter nahi
def minMax(numbers):
return min(numbers), max(numbers) # multiple values return!
lo, hi = minMax([3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9]) # "unpacking"
print(lo, hi) # 1 9- def se function define karo, koi return type declare nahi karna
- Multiple values return kar sakte ho (tuple ke through)
- Default aur keyword arguments — flexible function calls
Jab function ko pata na ho kitne arguments milenge, *args (variable positional arguments) aur **kwargs (variable keyword arguments) use hote hain — detail mein "Functions Advanced" category mein aage aayega, yaha ek quick preview.
def add_all(*args):
return sum(args)
print(add_all(1, 2, 3, 4)) # 10 — kitne bhi arguments le sakta haiFunction ke andar pehli line mein triple-quoted string likhkar documentation add kar sakte ho — ye ek Python convention hai (docstring), IDEs aur help() function isse dikhate hain.
def greet(name):
"""Naam leke ek greeting return karta hai."""
return f"Hello, {name}!"
print(greet.__doc__) # "Naam leke ek greeting return karta hai."
help(greet) # docstring dikhata hai