Basics

Operators in Python

Arithmetic, Comparison, Logical
💡 Python ke operators bahut C/Java jaise hi hain, lekin kuch chhote-chhote farq hain jo bahut convenient hain — jaise ** power ke liye (Math.pow() likhna nahi padta), aur and/or/not (jyada readable, symbols nahi).

Arithmetic: +, -, *, / (division hamesha float deta hai), // (floor division — integer result), % (modulo), ** (power). Comparison: ==, !=, <, >, <=, >=. Logical: and, or, not (words, symbols nahi jaise C ke &&/||/!).

print(10 / 3)    # 3.3333... (hamesha float)
print(10 // 3)   # 3 (floor division — integer)
print(10 % 3)    # 1 (modulo)
print(2 ** 10)   # 1024 (power — 2 ki 10th power)

a, b = 5, 10
print(a < b and b < 20)   # True — 'and' keyword, '&&' nahi
Python ke operators bahut C/Java jaise hi hain, lekin kuch chhote-chhote farq hain jo bahut convenient hain — jaise ** power ke liye (Math.pow() likhna nahi padta), aur and/or/not (jyada readable, symbols nahi).
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⚡ Quick Recap
  • / hamesha float deta hai, // floor division deta hai
  • ** power operator hai — Math.pow() ki zaroorat nahi
  • and/or/not — readable words, symbols nahi
Is page mein (1 subtopics)

== value equality check karta hai (kya dono ki VALUE same hai). is identity check karta hai (kya dono LITERALLY same object hain memory mein). Ye ek common Python-specific gotcha hai.

a = [1, 2, 3]
b = [1, 2, 3]
c = a

print(a == b)   # True — same values
print(a is b)   # False — alag objects, alag memory
print(a is c)   # True — c literally 'a' ko point karta hai
⚠️Common Mistake: None check karne ke liye hamesha is None use karo, == None nahi (though usually kaam karta hai, is None Pythonic aur safer convention hai).